ZK · MPC · FHE · Symmetric key cryptography · distributed systems

Our research

Selected research from the team, organized by topic.

Zero-Knowledge

We work across the full zero-knowledge (ZK) stack, from zkVM design and development to the proof systems and primitives that make them fast. Our team co-developed VOLE-in-the-Head — the technique behind the FAEST post-quantum signature — and designs the arithmetization-oriented hash functions that dominate modern STARK and SNARK provers.

Publications
Carsten Baum, Ward Beullens, Lennart Braun, Cyprien Delpech de Saint Guilhem, Michael Klooß, Christian Majenz, Shibam Mukherjee, Emmanuela Orsini, Sebastian Ramacher, Christian Rechberger, Lawrence Roy, Peter Scholl · IACR ePrint · 2026
Dung Bui, Kelong Cong, Cyprien Delpech de Saint Guilhem · ACISP · 2025

Multi-Party Computation

We design and analyze protocols that let mutually distrusting parties compute on shared secrets. Our published work spans efficient garbled circuits, threshold zero-knowledge, and the provable-security foundations underneath. We not only contribute on the theoretical level, but bring these results directly into client systems that are deployed in the real world.

Publications
Shahla Atapoor, Karim Baghery, Robin Jadoul, Barry Van Leeuwen · IACR ePrint · 2025
Robin Jadoul · PhD thesis, KU Leuven · 2025
Tomer Ashur, Carmit Hazay, Rahul Satish · IACR ePrint · 2024
Anasuya Acharya, Tomer Ashur, Efrat Cohen, Carmit Hazay, Avishay Yanai · ACNS · 2023

Fully Homomorphic Encryption

We build and tune schemes for computing on encrypted data, focused on the parameter choices that determine whether FHE is practical for a given workload. Our research includes new techniques for expanding the message space of NTRU-based FHE and collusion-resistant multiparty variants.

Publications
Robin Jadoul, Barry van Leeuwen, Oliver Zajonc · IACR ePrint · 2025
Akash Madhusudan, Mustafa A. Mustafa, Hilder V. L. Pereira, Erik Takke · IACR ePrint · 2024
Tomer Ashur, Mohammad Mahzoun, Dilara Toprakhisar · The Computer Journal · 2023
Tomer Ashur, Mohammad Mahzoun, Dilara Toprakhisar · ACM CCS · 2022

Symmetric-Key Cryptography

Symmetric-key design and cryptanalysis is the foundation 3MI was built on. Our team has both designed widely used primitives and broken others, with a distinguished publication record on round-reduced AES and analyses of authenticated-encryption modes. This build-and-attack perspective is what lets us certify a primitive as sound.

Publications
Amit Singh Bhati, Elena Andreeva, Simon Müller, Damian Vizár · CANS · 2025
Amit Singh Bhati, Elena Andreeva · CRYPTO · 2025
Elena Andreeva, Amit Singh Bhati, Andreas Weninger · SAC · 2025
Amit Singh Bhati, Antonin Dufka, Elena Andreeva, Arnab Roy, Bart Preneel · ACM AsiaCCS · 2024
Amit Singh Bhati, Elena Andreeva, Damian Vizár · SCN · 2024
Liliya Kraleva, Mohammad Mahzoun, Raluca Posteuca, Dilara Toprakhisar, Tomer Ashur, Ingrid Verbauwhede · IEEE OJ-SSCS · 2023
Tomer Ashur, Al Kindi · IACR ePrint · 2023
Tomer Ashur, Erik Takke · Journal of Cryptology · 2023
Jinyu Lu, Yunwen Liu, Tomer Ashur, Chao Li · The Computer Journal · 2022

Lightweight Cryptography

We design cryptography for constrained environments — where every gate, byte, and cycle counts — without giving up provable security. Our contributions include S-box and mode analysis for the NIST Lightweight Cryptography effort and efficient authenticated-encryption and forkcipher constructions. This has broad applications in areas such as satellite and IOT communications.

Publications
Mahnoor Naseer, Sundas Tariq, Naveed Riaz, Naveed Ahmed, Shah Fahd, Mureed Hussain, Sajid Ali Khan · Discover Computing (Springer) · 2025

Algebraic Hash Functions

Arithmetization-oriented hash functions are the bottleneck in most ZK proof systems, and a core specialty of our team. We designed families such as Marvellous (Rescue and Vision) and have analyzed hashes including Poseidon and the RPO/XHash families over modern proving fields — building primitives that are both prover-efficient and cryptographically sound.

Publications
Tomer Ashur, Mohammad Mahzoun, Jim Posen, Danilo Šijačić · IACR ePrint · 2024
Tomer Ashur, Amit Singh Bhati · Designs, Codes and Cryptography · 2024
Tomer Ashur, Sundas Tariq · IACR ePrint · 2024
Tomer Ashur, Thomas Buschman, Mohammad Mahzoun · ACISP · 2024
Tomer Ashur, Amit Singh Bhati, Al Kindi, Mohammad Mahzoun, Léo Perrin, Sundas Tariq · IACR ePrint · 2023

Other

Publications
Akash Madhusudan · PhD thesis, KU Leuven · 2024
Mehdi Montakhabi, Akash Madhusudan, Mustafa A. Mustafa, Wim Vanhaverbeke, Esteve Almirall, Shenja van der Graaf · Big Data & Society · 2023